Creating a great henna paste for body art is relatively simple. It requires only a few ingredients, and the right combination of temperature and time. Many people avoid making their own henna paste because they believe that it is too complicated, choosing instead to purchase pre-made paste from other body art suppliers, or worse, the dreaded “chemical cone.” Making homemade BAQ henna paste is much cheaper than buying it from a henna supplier, and definitely much safer than purchasing manufactured henna paste cones. This article will describe how to make a basic henna paste for body art use, and dip into the science behind it.
The Ingredients
Paste recipes will vary depending on the type of henna powder used, the humidity of the environment, and the personal preferences of the artist. Any basic henna paste will likely have the following ingredients, each with their own purpose:
Body art quality (BAQ) henna powder
An acidic liquid (for effective dye-release)
Essential oils (for a dark stain)
Some kind of sugar (for a smooth consistency and better adherence to skin)
BAQ Henna Powder
Not all henna powder is made equal. Cheaper powders can contain a variety of additives, such as dyes, sand, metallic salts, and chemical adulterants. They can be poorly sifted, and contain stale powder that releases little dye. Henna that is sold for hair is sometimes a premixed blend of henna and other plant powders. You need to look for a henna that is finely-sifted, and tested to be 100% pure henna, free of adulterants. The product may be labeled BAQ, but be aware that companies often use that term as a method of advertising, regardless of the henna’s quality.
It is unlikely that you will find a quality henna powder in a brick-and-mortar store. Don’t be fooled by packaging. “Made in India” means very little when it comes to the product’s safety, as does “100% safe” or an ingredients list that only reports henna as the ingredient.
If you are interested in seeing an experiment on pre-made henna pastes that claimed to be safe and pure, read this.
Your safest bet is to order directly from a reputable company dealing in henna body art products, and/or pure bulk henna powder. Check to see if they have lab-test documents on their powders.
BAQ henna powders will differ from one another. Henna is grown in a number of regions, and the crops themselves will vary season by season. Some hennas will create a creamier texture, like smooth mashed potatoes, while others will be stringy and stretchy like melted caramel. Each artist has their preference. The consistency can also be manipulated with the amount of liquid and sugar used.
Acidic Liquid
The henna powder provides the dye molecule responsible for leaving beautiful, deep red stains on the skin. The molecule is called Lawsone. When henna powder is mixed with a liquid, the intermediary molecule, called an aglycone, is released. This is often referred to as dye release.
The aglycones quickly bond with oxygen molecules to form its final state. Once oxidized, the dye is no longer able to attach to the skin. This process is called demise.
The goal is to keep the aglycones available for a longer period of time, allowing as much dye as possible to stain the surface layers of the skin before oxidizing. An acidic liquid provides a low pH, hydrogen-rich environment, which allows for a longer period of time before demise.
Therefore, lemon juice is one of the most popular liquids to mix with henna. Henna pastes which are made with an acidic liquid, like lemon juice, need to rest for a longer dye release time before it is ready to use. Pastes mixed with water release very quickly, but also demise much faster.
Essential Oils
EOs make henna paste smell great, but they have a more important function than that. Certain types of essential oils contain monoterpene alcohols, which act as solvents. Often referred to as terps, these essential oils help create a much darker stain on the skin. Without terps, a henna design may remain a lighter, orange color rather than oxidizing to a deep brown. The dye molecule in henna is hydrophobic, rather than hydrophilic (it is not friends with water). The terp acts as a solvent to release the dye more effectively within the acidic liquid.
Not all essential oils contain monoterpene alcohols. Some essential oils which contain monoterpene alcohols are not safe to use on the skin. Tea Tree, Cajeput, and Ravensara essential oils contain a high amount of monoterpene alcohols, and are safe to use. Lavender, Cardamom, Geranium, Cypress, and Cypress Tips oils are good, as well. Neroli, Pine, Juniper, Thyme, Rosemary, and Marjoram essential oils have lower levels of monoterpene alcohols, but will still darken henna somewhat.
Oils to avoid: Citrus oils are phototoxic. Cinnamon and Clove are irritating to the skin. Camphor is a transdermal intoxicant, and can make a person ill.
The oils you choose to use will be dependent on your preference and needs. Lavender is popular because it is the best for sensitive skin. Whatever your choice, make sure to use high quality, aromatherapy-grade oils. You will need about 10ml of essential oil for every 100g henna.
Learn more about terps here.
Sugar
This last ingredient is not absolutely necessary, but it is helpful. Many henna artists add some type of sugar into their paste. It gives the paste a smooth, silky consistency that is easier to work with. The sugar also helps the paste stick onto the skin and stay moist longer. For a dark, long-lasting stain, the pattern needs to stay on the skin as long as possible.
Regular white sugar works fine enough. Dextrose is great, too. Some henna artists report using molasses, honey, or corn syrup. The amount of sugar needed is dependent on the humidity of your current climate. In dry areas, more sugar may be necessary. In warm, humid areas, a paste with too much sugar will remain very wet, and “melt,” meaning the design on the skin turns to blobs.
Some artists prefer more sugar in their paste, as it allows them to “stretch” the paste and drape long, fine lines. Some prefer their paste to be creamier, akin to the texture of icing. If you are just starting to mix your own henna, it is best to add just a little sugar at a time, testing the paste until you find a consistency that you like. Henna paste can still be effective with no sugar at all.
Learn more about henna and sugar here.
This henna has been mixed with dextrose. The paste is smoother and stretchier.
Temperature and Time
While there is some variation between henna powders, henna normally dye-releases in an acidic mixture within 8-12 hours at room temperature. Some powders may need as long as 24 hours. A warmer environment will speed dye-release, while a cooler environment will slow it. A long dye-release creates a better paste than a fast one. Do not mix henna with hot liquid. This will cause a very fast dye-release, and a very weak stain.
To learn more about dye-release, read this Ancient Sunrise® Blog article. It is about henna for hair, but the science is still the same, no matter where you plan to put your henna.
Putting It All Together
I am not going to provide a “recipe” because, as you can see, there are many variables to take into account, as well as personal preference. One recipe may work well for me, with the crop of henna I use, the humidity of my environment, and my personal preference, but may be completely off for you.
I would prefer to provide a guide for discovering a henna mix that works best for you and your needs. Experiment a little, and take notes. That way, once you have mixed your perfect batch, you will be able to recreate it.
However, you will generally need about equal parts henna powder and liquid (when measured by volume), and a much smaller amount of sugar. Essential oils will be the most scant ingredient in your mix, as they are very strong. Again, 10ml (about 2tsp) terps is plenty for 100g (roughly 1 cup) dry henna powder. EOs with high levels of monoterpene alcohols can be used even more sparingly.
Begin with a small amount of henna powder, perhaps a few tablespoons. You can always make a bigger batch of paste once you’ve perfected your mix. 20 grams of henna powder will still create enough paste to fill several cones, and there’s no point making mistakes on an entire packet of henna powder.
Add lemon juice little by little, stirring until the powder is completely wet, and has the consistency of thick mashed potatoes, and any large lumps are gone. A whisk is handy to use.
Add the essential oils, and stir until fully combined.
Cover the paste with plastic wrap, pushing the plastic down so it is against the paste. Check the temperature of where you plan to leave it, and check the chart above to know how long to leave it. Set an alarm on your phone, or write a reminder to yourself. Mixing the paste in the evening and leaving it overnight is an effective method.
Leave it alone. Poking and stirring every few hours won’t do anything to speed it up. Once you believe the paste is ready, check for dye release. There are a few indicators you can use.
First, the surface of the paste may be several shades darker than the paste underneath. If you mixed in a glass bowl, you can see the layers quite clearly. Or, you can use a spoon to scoop away the top, and compare it to the paste that you reveal underneath.
Second, there may be a deep orange-red liquid that collects around the surface of your paste.
Finally, you can test some of the paste on your skin by applying a drop to the palm of your hand, and leaving it there for a few minutes. When you wipe it away, you should see a bright orange stain. If the stain is very light, leave the paste for another hour, and check again.
You can see that the surface is darker, and there are puddles of a deep red liquid collecting on the surface.
Consistency
Once your paste has dye-released, add liquid and sugar as needed until it is the right consistency. You can use water, or more lemon juice. Add the sugar in a fraction of a teaspoon at a time. Liquid sugars, like molasses, require very little to get the job done. Many artists prefer a paste that “ribbons” off of the spoon. Some may prefer a slightly thicker paste.
Test the paste by coning a small amount, and squeezing a simple design on your skin. You want the paste to come out of the cone in thin lines without using too much pressure. You may want to see how far you can drape a line before it breaks. Try a few swirls and varying the thickness of your lines. Wait for about fifteen minutes.
If your design dries and cracks quickly, or doesn’t drape well enough, add a little more sugar. If the paste was too thick, add a little more liquid. If the paste is too thin or wet, add a little more powder. Keep adjusting and testing until you get the paste to your preference.
“Stringy” paste makes fine lines easier to drape.
Storage
If you want to use your henna paste right away, cone it up and get doodling! If you plan to use your henna paste in the next day or two, you can keep it in the refrigerator. If you are not sure when you will be using it, or would like to keep it for a long time, keep it in the freezer. You can either put your henna into cones before storing it, or defrost and cone when you choose. An easy way to keep frozen henna is to wrap it in plastic, like in the article here.
However you store it, I find it helpful to write a note that includes the date and the ingredients. I use a permanent marker and write it on the plastic bag holding my cones. This way, you can differentiate between batches. For example, I have cones that are citrus-free and contain only lavender oil, for use on those with sensitivities. I wouldn’t want to get my batches confused and accidentally apply my regular mix on someone with a citrus allergy.
If you need help learning how to roll cones, watch this video here.
Learn more about mixing henna at the Henna Page. If you have questions, feel free to comment below.